Ukuphathwa kwezindleko zesitoreji kubhekisela ebhizinisini ekuphathweni kwesitoreji sanoma yiziphi izindlela zokugcina ezidingekayo ukuze lithathe izindlela zokulawula, inhloso yezindleko zesitoreji eziphansi kakhulu ukuze kufinyelelwe ikhwalithi yesitoreji eshiwo ngaphambili kanye nenani lesitoreji, okuhlanganisa yonke imizamo yokunciphisa izindleko zokulondoloza.
1. Izimiso zokuphathwa kwezindleko ze-warehouse
Isimiso somnotho
Ukonga ukusindisa abantu, impahla kanye nezinsiza zezimali. Kuwumongo wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komnotho, imfuneko yokusebenza ngokuhambisana nemithetho yezomnotho ehlosiwe, kanye nomgomo oyisisekelo wokulawula izindleko.Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwalesi simiso, kufanele simise umqondo omusha wokuphathwa kwezindleko ze-warehouse: kufanele kungabi nje kuphela ukuvinjelwa nokugadwa okungalungile, kodwa kufanele kube isiqondiso esisebenzayo nokungenelela.
Esikhathini esidlule, ukuphathwa kwezindleko, ekuqaleni kwakugcizelela kuphela ukuhlaziywa nokuhlolwa ngemva komcimbi, ikakhulukazi kugxilwe ekusetshenzisweni okuqinile kwebanga lezindleko kanye nemithetho nemithethonqubo, empeleni okungokwemvelo "yokulungisa ophuzile" ukulawulwa kokuvikela. ;Kamuva, ithuthuke yagxila ekulawuleni izindleko zansuku zonke. Lapho kutholakala ukuthi empeleni yayingaphandle kwesilinganiso noma isabelomali, yabe isibuyisela ngokushesha eminyangweni efanele ukuze ingenelele noma ilungiswe, ukuze ilungise amaphutha futhi ihlanganise okuzuziwe, okwakuwukulawula impendulo. umgomo wokonga ngokujulile esikhathini esizayo, ukugxilwa kokulawulwa kwezindleko kufanele kudluliselwe esilawulweni ngaphambi kokuba izindleko zenzeke, wenze isibikezelo esihle sezomnotho, uthephe ngokugcwele amandla okulondoloza angaphakathi ezinkampani zesitoreji, futhi wenze izibalo ngokucophelela yonke indawo, futhi usebenze kanzima ukwanda okuphindwe kabili kanye nesigaba esiphindwe kabili.Kungale ndlela kuphela, ukulahlekelwa kanye nemfucuza kungaqedwa kusenesikhathi, ukuze "i-nip in the bud" futhi idlale ngokuphumelelayo indima yokulawula okuphakelayo.
Umgomo wokuqonda
Ukusebenzisa isimiso sokuhlanganisa zonke izinto ekulawulweni kwezindleko ze-warehouse kunezincazelo ezimbili ezilandelayo.
①. Ukuphathwa kwezindleko ezigcwele
Izindleko ziyinkomba yezomnotho ebanzi futhi eqinile, ebandakanya yonke iminyango yebhizinisi kanye nokusebenza kwangempela kwabo bonke abasebenzi. ukunaka ukulawulwa kwezindleko.Ukugqugquzela umphakathi ukuthi ubambe iqhaza ekuphathweni kwezindleko, vele, akukhona ukukhansela noma ukwenza buthaka izindleko zokuphatha zezikhungo zochwepheshe kanye nabasebenzi abangochwepheshe, kodwa kumuntu oqeqeshiwe, ngesisekelo sokuphathwa kwezindleko, kudinga. konke, yonke into, ngaso sonke isikhathi okufanele yenziwe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-quota noma ukuphathwa kwezindleko zesabelomali, ngale ndlela kuphela, ukuvala izikhala ezivela ezicini ezihlukahlukene, ukuqeda ukumosha.
② Yonke inqubo yokuphathwa kwezindleko
Emphakathini wesimanje, kufanele sidlale ngokugcwele endimeni edidiyelwe yezokuthutha, futhi siqinise ukulawulwa kwezindleko endaweni yokugcina impahla kanye nezinye izixhumanisi.Ngamanye amazwi, ububanzi bokulawulwa kwezindleko kufanele busebenze kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezindleko. kwafakazela ukuthi kuphela uma izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila womkhiqizo zilawulwa ngokuphumelelayo izindleko zingancishiswa kakhulu, futhi ngokombono womphakathi wonke, kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ukonga kwezindleko zangempela kungafinyelelwa.
Umgomo wokuhlanganisa umthwalo wemfanelo, amandla nezithakazelo
Ukuze senze ukuphathwa kwezindleko zesitolo kube ngempumelelo ngempela, kufanele silandele ngokuqinile izidingo zohlelo lwesibopho somnotho futhi senze umgomo wokuhlanganisa isibopho, ilungelo kanye nenzuzo.Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ohlelweni lwesibopho somnotho, luwumgomo isibopho namandla elungu ngalinye okulawula izindleko zesibopho. Ngokusobala, uma uphiko olunomthwalo wemfanelo lungenawo lawa mandla, akukho ukulawula.Isibonelo, noma isiphi isikhungo somthwalo wemfanelo wezindleko sibeke izindinganiso ezithile noma ibhajethi. Uma kudingeka ukuthi bafeze umthwalo wemfanelo wokulawulwa kwezindleko, kufanele banikezwe igunya lokunquma ukuthi izindleko ezithile zingasetshenziswa yini ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe. Ngaphandle kwalelo gunya, vele, ngeke kube nokulawulwa kwezindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokugcwele umkhankaso nomdlandla wesikhungo ngasinye sokubophezeleka kwezindleko ekulawuleni izindleko, kuyadingeka ukuhlola njalo nokuhlola ukusebenza kwabo kwangempela, futhi kuxhumene eduze nezithakazelo zezomnotho zabasebenzi ngokwabo, ukuze imivuzo nezinhlawulo zicace.
Izimiso zokuphatha ngokwezinjongo
Ukuphatha ngezinhloso, okwaba se-United States ngeminyaka yawo-1950, kubhekise ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi ukuthatha imigomo emisiwe njengesisekelo sokuphathwa kwezinsiza zabantu, izinsiza ezibonakalayo, izinsiza zezimali kanye nezinkomba ezibalulekile zomnotho.Ukuphathwa kwezindleko kubalulekile. okuqukethwe kokuphatha ngokwezinjongo, kufanele kusekelwe ezindlekweni ezihlosiwe, njengenkomba yemisebenzi yezomnotho yebhizinisi ukuze kukhawulwe futhi kuqondiswe, futhi kulwele ukwenza ngezindleko eziphansi, ukuthola izinzuzo ezingcono kakhulu zezomnotho nezenhlalakahle.Njengoba izindleko ezihlosiwe ziyi- njengomgomo wokulwela ukuzuza izindleko, khona-ke izindleko ezihlosiwe kufanele zihambisane nezimo ezithile zaleli bhizinisi, njengezimo ezikhona zemishini, ikhono lebhizinisi neleveli yobuchwepheshe, ulwazi lwezindleko zomlando, njll.), futhi bafuna cabangela izimo zangaphandle zebhizinisi (njengenqubomgomo kazwelonke yezezimali, isimo sokuhlinzekwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo, embonini efanayo ekhaya naphesheya ulwazi olufanayo lwezindleko zomnyango, njll.), bese usebenzisa indlela ekhethekile yokuphatha izindleko. kanye nesu, izindleko eziqondiwe ezihamba phambili.
Umgomo wokuphatha okuhlukile
"Ukuphathwa Okukhethekile" kuyindlela ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukulawulwa kwansuku zonke kokusebenza nokuphathwa kwebhizinisi emazweni asentshonalanga, ikakhulukazi ekulawuleni nsuku zonke izinkomba zezindleko.
Ukulawulwa kwezindleko zansuku zonke ngokuyinhloko kwenziwa ngokuhlaziywa nokucwaninga komehluko wezindleko ezihlukahlukene, ukuze kutholwe izinkinga, kumbiwe amandla okunciphisa izindleko, nokubeka phambili izinyathelo eziqondile zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi noma ukulungisa amaphutha. Nokho, eqinisweni, umehluko wezindleko zansuku zonke inkampani ngayinye yezokuthutha ivamise ukuba inkimbinkimbi futhi maningi kakhulu okumele iphathwe.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kwezindleko, abaphathi akufanele babeke amandla kanye nesikhathi sabo sihlakazeke kukho konke ukuhluka kwezindleko, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amaphakathi; Kunalokho, kufanele sigqamise amaphuzu abalulekile. futhi sigxilise ukunaka kwethu ekwehlukeni okubalulekile okungajwayelekile futhi okungahambisani nenqubo. Kufanele sizilandelele kumsuka wazo, sithole izizathu zomehluko, futhi siziphendule ngesikhathi esikhungweni esifanelekile sesibopho sezindleko, ukuze sithathe ngokushesha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuzilawula kahle, futhi siyekele ezinye.Yonke le mehluko ebalulekile lezo ezingaphandle kwenkambiso futhi eziphuma kwejwayelekile zibizwa ngokuhlukile.
2. Umsebenzi wokuphathwa kwezindleko ze-warehouse
Ukuphathwa kwezindleko ze-warehouse ukusebenzisa indlela eyonga kakhulu ukuze kufezeke umsebenzi wokugcina, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukufezeka komsebenzi wokulondoloza, indlela yokunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ngangokunokwenzeka. ukuhlaziya komnotho mayelana nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zamabhizinisi, qonda isimo somnotho enqubweni yezokuthutha, ukuze kwakhiwe izinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu zezokuthutha ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zezokuthutha.Ezinkampanini eziningi, izindleko zokulondoloza ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesamba sezindleko zokuhamba, izindleko zezimpahla eziphakeme neziphansi zinomthelela omkhulu, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwebhizinisi ngasikhathi sinye lugcina amazinga e-inventory yebhizinisi lokukhiqiza noma izinga lenkonzo yamakhasimende lidlala indima ebalulekile, ukuphathwa kwezindleko zokugcinwa kwempahla kufanele kube khona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lesevisi njenge imfuneko.
Okuqukethwe kokuphathwa kwezindleko ze-warehouse
Ingqikithi yokuphathwa kwezindleko ze-warehouse ukunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukufezeka komsebenzi wesitoreji.Lena yinkinga ehlobene nokuphumayo, kanye nenkinga enengqondo yokuphishekela okokufaka kwezindleko zokulondoloza.
"Inzuzo ephambene" ingumthetho oyisisekelo wendawo yonke emisebenzini yezokuthutha. Ngokungangabazeki, ukugcinwa kwempahla, njengomsebenzi odingekayo, kunqunywa izici zakhona, futhi ngokuvamile kunomkhuba wokunciphisa izinzuzo zesistimu yezokuthutha nokwenza kubi ukusebenza kwesistimu yezokuthutha. , ngakho-ke inomphumela "omubi" emisebenzini yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho.Lo mphumela ikakhulukazi ubangelwa isitoreji esingenangqondo kanye nezinguquko zekhwalithi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwenani lezinto ezigciniwe ngesikhathi sokulondoloza.
Isitoreji esingenangqondo sibonakala ngokuyinhloko ezicini ezimbili: eyodwa ubuchwepheshe bokugcina obungenangqondo;Okwesibili, ukuphathwa kwesitoreji, inhlangano ayinangqondo.Ukubonakaliswa kwakho kungokulandelayo:
①. Isikhathi sokugcina side kakhulu;
②. Inani lesitoreji likhulu kakhulu;
③. Inani lesitoreji liphansi kakhulu;
Izimo zokugcina ezinganele noma ezeqile;
⑤. Ukungalingani kwesakhiwo sokugcina.
Izinguquko zekhwalithi ezingase zenzeke ngesikhathi sokugcinwa zibangelwa ikakhulukazi isikhathi sokugcina, indawo ezungezile, ukusebenza kanye nezinye izici.Indlela yokuguqulwa kwekhwalithi ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa ukuguquka komzimba nokomshini (isimo sokuphila ngokomzimba, ukuvuza, iphunga, umonakalo, ukuguqulwa, njll.), amakhemikhali ushintsho (ukubola kanye ne-hydrolysis, i-hydration, ukugqwala, ukuguga, inhlanganisela, i-polymerization, njll.), ushintsho lwe-biochemical, ukuhlasela okuhlukahlukene kwezinto eziphilayo (amagundane, izinambuzane, izintuthwane), njll.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ngesikhathi sokulondoloza zingase futhi zenzeke ekulahlekeni kwenani, njengokulahlekelwa okuvilaphayo, ukulahleka kwevelu yesikhathi, izindleko zokulondoloza ezeqile, njll.
Ukushintsha kwekhwalithi nokulahlekelwa kwenani kwalezi zimpahla ezigciniwe ezingenangqondo kanye nempahla egciniwe ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kuzoholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zokulondoloza, ukuze abaphathi bamabhizinisi baqinise ukuphathwa kwezindleko zokulondoloza kuzo zonke izici.
4.Ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kwezindleko ze-warehouse
Njengengxenye yokulawulwa kwezindleko zempahla, ukuphathwa kwezindleko zokugcinwa kwempahla emkhakheni wezokuthutha nakho kunendawo ebanzi yokunciphisa izindleko, ngakho-ke, izinkinga zokuphathwa kwezindleko zokuphathwa kwempahla zidale ukuthi abaphathi bebhizinisi ngokuvamile banake.
Ukuphathwa kwezindleko ze-warehouse kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwezindleko zempahla
Ukunciphisa izindleko zendawo yokugcina izimpahla kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lesevisi yendawo yokugcina izimpahla kuhlanganisa isihloko esiyisisekelo kakhulu sokuphathwa kwempahla yebhizinisi. Ukulawulwa kwezindleko zesitoreji kwencazelo yile: ngokubamba ngempumelelo izindleko zendawo yokugcina izimpahla, ukusetshenziswa kweshede kanye nezinto kusizakala ngobudlelwane obuphikisana nemithetho phakathi kwesici ngasinye, indawo yokugcina impahla yesayensi nenengqondo. imisebenzi, ukuqinisa imisebenzi yokugcina impahla enqubweni yokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwezindleko, ukunciphisa imisebenzi yokugcina impahla ekusetshenzisweni kwabasebenzi bezinto ezibonakalayo nokuphila, ukunciphisa inani lezindleko zokugcina, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwamabhizinisi kanye nezinjongo zenhlalo.
Nciphisa ubungozi be-inventory ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwe-warehouse
Ngaphezu komhlangano ongaphandle kwensimu yemishini emikhulu, izakhiwo, iningi lokukhiqizwa kokutholwa komkhiqizo jikelele ngokuphelele akukho mpahla enzima kakhulu ukufeza izinhloso zethu, ukukhiqizwa kwempahla ejwayelekile yezinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele kube inani elifanele lesitoko sokuphepha, lokhu kungukuthi ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kanye nezindlela ezibalulekile zokukhuthaza ukuthengiswa, kanye nomonakalo ngokumelene nezimo eziphuthumayo zezinyathelo ezibalulekile eziphuthumayo zokuthutha, njengokuminyana kwezimoto, i-force majeure, izingozi, njll.; izokhiqiza ukulahlekelwa, imfucuza kanye nezinye izingozi.Ukunciphisa ubungozi kufinyelelwa ngokulawulwa kwe-inventory. Ukulawulwa kwempahla ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwempahla, ukuhlelwa kwempahla, ukulawulwa kokugcwalisa kabusha, ukuhlela ukulethwa, njll.Ukusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwempahla ukuze kwehliswe izindleko kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuphatha izinto.
Imisebenzi yokugcinwa kwempahla isiza ukwehlisa izindleko zesistimu
Ukwabiwa kwezindleko zezinhlelo zesistimu enqubweni ethile yokusebenza, ehlukaniswe ngezindleko zokugcina, izindleko zokuhamba, izindleko zokusebenza, izindleko zengozi.Izindleko zokugcinwa kwempahla akuyona nje ingxenye ebalulekile yezindleko zezokuthutha, kodwa futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwezindleko zempahla. ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zokugcinwa kwempahla kunganciphisa ngokuqondile izindleko zempahla. Inhlanganisela yemikhiqizo egciniwe, i-stowing efanele, ukupakishwa kokujikeleza, iqoqo kanye nokunye ukucubungula ukujikeleza iwukuba kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokulayisha nokuthulula, ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele izinto zokuhamba, ukuze ukunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba.Isitoreji esinengqondo nesinembile sizonciphisa ukushintshwa kwempahla, ukugeleza, ukunciphisa inani lemisebenzi;Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kanye nemisebenzi yokugcinwa kwempahla ezenzakalelayo, kulungele ukwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza.Ukuphatha kahle isitoreji kungasebenzisa ukugcinwa okuphumelelayo. kanye nokugcinwa kahle kwezimpahla, ukulawula inani elinembile, kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi nezindleko.
Qalisa izinsiza ze-logistics-value-added ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yokugcina impahla
Ukuphathwa kwempahla okuhle kakhulu akudingi nje kuphela ukuhlangabezana nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko zomkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kufanele kwenziwe izinsizakalo ezingeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe imali yokuthengisa umkhiqizo. , inani lesikhathi lokufika ngesikhathi, inani lemakethe lezigodi ezihamba phambili nezilinganisa, kanye nenani elengeziwe lezinsizakalo eziqondene nawe.Izinkonzo eziningi ze-value-added logistics zenziwa kusixhumanisi sokugcinwa kwempahla. Ngokucutshungulwa kokujikeleza, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyathuthukiswa, umsebenzi uyashintshwa, futhi ukwenziwa komuntu siqu komkhiqizo kuyenziwa. Ngokulawulwa kwesikhathi sokugcinwa kwempahla, isigqi sokukhiqiza nesigqi sokusetshenziswa kuyavunyelaniswa, futhi inani lensiza yesikhathi sokuphathwa kwempahla liyafezeka.Ngokuhlanganiswa kwempahla yokugcina impahla, yenza izinsiza eziqondene nawe ukuze zisetshenziswe.
Linganisa umsebenzi wokuzungezisa izimali ngokwenza imisebenzi yokugcina
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo, imikhiqizo, imikhiqizo eqediwe yamabhizinisi ezimboni, kanye nezimpahla zamabhizinisi ezentengiselwano yizona zinto ezihlala kakhulu emalini yokusebenza. Ukulawulwa kwempahla empeleni ukulawula imali yokusebenza, futhi ukulawulwa kokusungula ibhalansi ephelele yendawo yonke yemali yokusebenza yamabhizinisi.Ngoba, ngokwandisa inani le-oda kunganciphisa izindleko ze-oda nezindleko zokuthutha, kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa okuthile nezinto ezingavuthiwe. izonciphisa inani lokushintshisana kokukhiqiza, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, ukugcinwa kwempahla kanye nokuphathwa kwezindleko zezokuthutha iwukufuna ukufana okungcono kakhulu phakathi kwakho kokubili, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokunciphisa imali yempahla.
Umthombo: Inethiwekhi Yezimboni Zeshalofu
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-25-2021